Translation: The kirpan, the khanda, the scimitar, the axe, the rifle, and the arrow. The saif, the dagger, the spear: these indeed are our pirs (saints)!

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Singh, Gurbachan; Sondeep Shankar (1998). The Sikhs: Faith, Philosophy and Folks. Roli & Janssen. p. 55. ISBN 81-7436-037-9. a b Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp.260–261. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.Singha, H. S. (2009b). Sikhism: A Complete Introduction. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p.8. ISBN 978-81-7010-245-8. According to Sikh beliefs, all the Gurus contained the same light or soul and their physical body was a vessel for containing the same essence. When one Guru passed, the successor inherited this light and that is why the Gurus are also referred to as mahalla (house). [7] The gurus [ edit ] No.

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Parrinder, Geoffrey (1971). World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present. United States: Hamlyn. p.256. ISBN 978-0-87196-129-7. Most janamsakhis ( ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ, 'birth stories'), or traditional biographies of Nanak, mention that he was born on the third day of the bright lunar fortnight, in the Baisakh month (April) of Samvat 1526. [1] These include the Puratan ('traditional' or 'ancient') janamsakhi, Miharban janamsakhi, Gyan-ratanavali by Bhai Mani Singh, and the Vilayat Vali janamsakhi. [19] Gurbilas Patashahi 6, written 1718, also attributed to Bhai Mani Singh contradicts Mani Singh’s Janamsakhi as it instead says Guru Nanak was born on the full moon of Katak. [20] The Sikh records state that Nanak died on the 10th day of the Asauj month of Samvat 1596 (22 September 1539CE), at the age of 70 years, 5 months, and 7 days. This further suggests that he was born in the month of Vaisakh (April), not Kattak (November). [21] Kattak birthdate Birth of Guru Nanak, painting from an 1830's Janamsakhi. The entire Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script, which was standardized by Guru Angad in the 16th century. According to Sikh tradition and the Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, Guru Angad Dev had taught and spread Gurmukhi at the suggestion of Guru Nanak Dev who invented the Gurmukhi script. [43] [44] The word Gurmukhī translates to "from the mouth of the guru". It descended from the Laṇḍā scripts and was used from the outset for compiling Sikh scriptures. The Sikhs assign a high degree of sanctity to the Gurmukhī script. [45] It is the official script for writing Punjabi in the Indian State of Punjab. a b c Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp.127–129. ISBN 978-0-19-969930-8.The Guru Granth Sahib is worshipped as the supreme authority of Sikhism and is considered the final and perpetual guru of Sikhism. As the first guru of Sikhism, Nanak contributed a total of 974 hymns to the book. [81] Influences Miniature painting of Guru Nanak listening to musicians, circa 1680