Lux Fetish Hogtie Set - 5-Piece

Product Information

Research into the safety of positional restraint emerged in the early 1980s with the examination of “choke holds” leading to their banning by the majority of law enforcement. 1 , 2 Much of the research thereafter focused on the “hog-tie” or “hobble” restraint, also referred to as the prone maximal restraint position (PMRP). In this variation of restraint, the subject is placed in the prone position with arms handcuffed and ankles bound. The knees are then flexed, and the ankles secured to the handcuffs. It had been postulated that positional restraint could in some way affect an individual's ability to properly ventilate. Some have considered that such positioning could obstruct the upper airway or restrict the motion of the chest wall, diaphragm, or abdomen. This idea, coined “positional asphyxia” was first used by Bell et al. who examined 30 cases of asphyxia-related death in a nine-year period in Broward, FL. 3 Their study found that most often, the deceased individuals were found in positions that obstructed the upper airway. Of the thirty, four cases were reportedly found in positions that restricted chest and diaphragm movement, suggesting perhaps the cause of death could have been from hypoventilatory respiratory failure. No other significant contributors to death were found in these subjects. As a Greensboro music festival wound down in the early hours of Sept. 8, 2018, Marcus Smith approached a group of eight white police officers on traffic duty and ran frantically from officer to officer, begging for help. Adapting hog ties for larger, broader, or less flexible folks is made easy by tying in a modular fashion. Demonstrators gather outside City Hall in Greensboro, N.C., on May 3, 2021 to protest the death of Marcus Smith after police hogtied him in September 2018. Travis Dove for The Marshall Project

As more scrutiny has been placed on Aurora's use of the hobble in recent years, the directives in the department's manual have changed and become more detailed. If you're new to the Hogtied category, we recommend starting with some of the softer bondage scenes. These videos will give you a taste of what the category has to offer without being too intense or hardcore. As you become more familiar with the category, you can start exploring more intense content. Subjects were exercised on a bicycle before parameters were measured during recovery in the restraint position. There were statistical changes in O2 sat but thought to be very small and likely not clinically relevant*.

Details

An internal investigation found no violation of policy and Scott returned all the officers to active duty. In 1997, Chan et al. were one of the first groups to measure ventilatory function by spirometry in restrained individuals. 13 Their study, which examined PFTs in sitting, prone, supine, and restraint positioning before and after exercise found statistically significant declines in FVC, FEV1, and MVV when subjects were placed in the PMRP. Although subjects did develop a restrictive lung pattern in the restraint position, the changes were not considered to be clinically relevant and there was no evidence of hypoxemia or hypercarbia demonstrated on arterial blood gas measurements. In a similar study, Roegella et al. showed decreased FVC and FEV1 in patients in the prone hobble restraint versus sitting hobble restraint. 14 End-tidal CO2 were mildly increased, but oxygen saturation remained unchanged. Despite the statistically significant changes, the values are not considered to be clinically relevant. Greensboro policy allowed officers to tie a person's hands and feet together when they needed a higher level of restraint than handcuffs, but the policy did not define when this higher level of restraint was necessary or appropriate. Training materials warned officers that "Arrestee face down and 'hogtied' (knee bend greater than 90°) in transit" was a dangerous position that could lead to positional asphyxia.

Of the examined papers, fourteen experiments measured oxygen saturation as an outcome. All fourteen demonstrated no clinically significant drops in oxygen saturation in the restraint position. Three studies analyzed effects with weight applied to a subject. Taylor says creating federal best practices that agencies must follow would improve police interactions with the communities they serve. The feet are a very powerful weapon and the legs are a very powerful weapon, especially if you have someone that is in an excited state,” DeVane said.Subjects sprinted and then underwent a simulated struggle before being placed in a modified hogtie position. That's how my brother died," said Kimberly Smith, his younger sister, who watched the video later. "He died like an animal." The video showed that Marcus Smith was in distress and begging police to take him to the hospital or call an ambulance.