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a)the fixed costs may include those stages which would apply as if this was a trial of the claim, including trial advocacy fees; and Hipparchus also developed a system of longitude lines encompassing 360 degrees, which was later subdivided into 360 degrees of latitude and longitude by Claudius Ptolemy. Each degree was divided into 60 parts, each of which was again divided into 60 smaller parts that became known as the minute and second respectively. Where at least one defendant admits liability and settles pre-litigation and at least one defendant denies liability—
Where one or more of the claimants referred to in paragraph (4) is entitled to additional costs under rule 36.24(5) or increased costs under rule 45.13(2), the percentage increases for which those rules provide must be calculated by applying the relevant percentage to such proportion of the amount referred to in paragraph (4)(b) as reflects the proportion which each claimant so entitled bears to the total number of claimants to which paragraph (4) applies. Defendants’ costsc)the figures in each of stages S1, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S8 are the cumulative totals for costs incurred up to and including that stage; This Part sets out the amounts to be allowed for costs in the categories of claim to which it applies. b)the claimant did not comply with the RTA Small Claims Protocol at all despite the claim falling within the scope of the Protocol,
Percentage increase and decrease are calculated by computing the difference between two values and comparing that difference to the initial value. Mathematically, this involves using the absolute value of the difference between two values then dividing the result by the initial value, essentially calculating how much the initial value has changed. This rule applies where an application is made under rule 45.40 (costs-only application after a claim is started under Part 8 in accordance with Practice Direction 49F). c)disbursements allowed in accordance with Section IX of this Part. Settlement at Stage 2 or Stage 3 where the claimant is a childa)the fixed costs payable by those defendants who have admitted liability are 100% of the stage 2A or 2B costs for those defendants as appropriate; and The court may consider a claim for an amount of costs (excluding disbursements) which is greater than the fixed recoverable costs referred to in Section VI, Section VII or Section VIII of this Part where— the amount to be included in the judgment for the claimant’s legal representative’s charges is the total of— Where a claim would normally be assigned to complexity band 4, under rule 26.15 in addition to the costs allowable in Table 12, the fixed costs may include an amount in accordance with Table 13.
a)a claim has been started under the RTA Small Claims Protocol, but no longer continues under that Protocol; and ii)in any other stage the difference between the fixed recoverable costs for that stage and the fixed recoverable costs for the last stage before that when the party was a litigant in person. Entitlement to costs – more than one claimant The percentage increase calculator above computes an increase or decrease of a specific percentage of the input number. It basically involves converting a percent into its decimal equivalent, and either subtracting (decrease) or adding (increase) the decimal equivalent from and to 1, respectively. Multiplying the original number by this value will result in either an increase or decrease of the number by the given percent. Refer to the example below for clarification.
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There exist various concepts of time that have been postulated by different philosophers and scientists over an extensive period of human history. One of the earlier views was presented by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC), who defined time as "a number of movement in respect of the before and after." Essentially, Aristotle's view of time defined it as a measurement of change requiring the existence of some kind of motion or change. He also believed that time was infinite and continuous, and that the universe always did, and always will exist. Interestingly, he was also one of the first people, if not the first person, to frame the idea that time existing of two different kinds of non-existence makes time existing at all, questionable. Aristotle's view is solely one amongst many in the discussion of time, the most controversial of which began with Sir Isaac Newton, and Gottfried Leibniz.
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