The rule of law is often understood with reference to the theory of the British jurist, AV Dicey. Dicey explained in his Introduction To The Study Of Law Of The Constitution (1885), that the rule of law has three characteristics. First, because the law is supreme all public power must be exercised in terms of an empowering provision in a law. Second, everyone is equal before the law. Third, the courts are responsible for enforcing the laws of a country [9]. If all three conditions are met then the rule of law is established within a state.

Fletcher, Ian Christopher (17 March 2008). " 'This Zeal for Lawlessness': A. V. Dicey, The Law of the Constitution, and the Challenge of Popular Politics, 1885–1915". Parliamentary History. 16 (3): 309–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-0206.1997.tb00579.x. Walters, Mark D. (2012). "Dicey on Writing the "Law of the Constitution" ". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 32 (1): 21–49. doi: 10.1093/ojls/gqr031. Sub-rule 8: The state must comply with the obligations of international law which whether deriving from treaty or international custom and practice governs the conduct of nations. The Practice and Threats of the Rule of Law in the United Kingdom

Follett, R. (2000). Evangelicalism, Penal Theory and the Politics of Criminal Law: Reform in England, 1808–30. Springer. p.7. Sherman R, ‘Malaysia: Critics Slam Decision to Extend Tenures of Top Judges’ http://www.benarnews.org/english/news/malaysian/malaysia-judges-07102017171503.html accessed 12 July 2017 Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution is a book by A. V. Dicey about the constitution of the United Kingdom. It was first published in 1885. Weill, Rivka (2003). "Dicey Was Not Diceyan". The Cambridge Law Journal. 62 (2): 474–493. doi: 10.1017/S000819730300638X. Democratic Alliance v President of South Africa and Others [2012] ZACC 24; 2012 (12) BCLR 1297 (CC); 2013 (1) SA 248 (CC) (5 October 2012) (Democratic Alliance) at para 37. See most recently National Energy Regulator of South Africa and Another v PG Group (Pty) Limited and Others [2019] ZACC 28 (NERSA) para 49.

Review of Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution". American Political Science Review. 9 (2): 385–389. May 1915. doi: 10.2307/1944633. ISSN 0003-0554. Correy P, The Evolution of the Rule of Law in Thailand: The Thai constitutions (University of South Wales, Cardiff 2008)

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Anna D and Jay C, ‘Why the Rule of Law Matters More Than Ever’ https://rightsinfo.org/explainer-rule-law/ accessed 12 July 2017 First edition published in 1885 under title: Lectures introductory to the study of the law of the constitution

The effect of section 2 is commonly referred to as constitutional supremacy, meaning that no rule or conduct can be inconsistent with a constitutional rule. If such an inconsistency arises, it is resolved by declaring the offending rule invalid to the extent that it contradicts a constitutional rule. Conversely stated, to be valid, all law and conduct must conform to the prescripts of the constitution. In this sense, the constitution is the ultimate authority for law-making and lawful conduct. This 8th edition, published in 1915, was the last edition written by Dicey. The 9th edition (1931) and 10th edition (1959) have an introduction and appendix by E.C.S. Wade Dicey, A.V. (1896). A Digest of the Law of England with Reference to the Conflict of Laws; with Notes on American Cases by John Bassett Moore. London: Stevens and Sons Limited . Retrieved 6 April 2018– via Internet Archive. ; Dicey, A.V. (1908). A Digest of the Law of England with Reference to the Conflict of Laws (2nded.). London: Stevens and Sons Limited . Retrieved 6 April 2018– via Internet Archive.Tun Arifin Z, Syarahan Perdana: “Rule of Law and Judicial System” (Institute Integrity Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 2012) Lectures on the relation between law and public opinion in England during the nineteenth century (2nded.). London: Macmillan. 1914 . Retrieved 8 March 2023– via Internet Archive. The second aspect of Dicey’s conception of the rule of law indicates that in terms of the equality before the law, no man is above the law. Regardless of what an individual’s rank or condition is, he is subjected to the ordinary law of the realm and be bounded to the jurisdiction of the ordinary tribunals. As a result, no matter an ordinary private citizen or a state official breached the same law, they would be treated in the same way. It denoted that the state officials were not given any special privileges or protections from the law of the land. Thomas Fuller had also quoted that “Be you ever so high, the law is above you.” Chapter 6 concerns special institutions established by Chapter 9 of the Constitution. These institutions, like the Public Protector, occupy an interesting zone in the separation of powers. Chapter 9 institutions are not part of any arm of state and perform specialised functions. Simultaneously, they are held to account by the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

The Law of the Constitution elucidates the guiding principles of the modern constitution of England: the legislative sovereignty of Parliament, the rule of law, and the binding force of unwritten conventions. Ogg, Frederic A. (June 1940). "Review of Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution and Constitutional Law". American Political Science Review. 34 (3): 579–582. doi: 10.2307/1949373. ISSN 0003-0554. Cosgrove, Richard A. (1980). The Rule of Law: Albert Venn Dicey, Victorian jurist. London: Macmillan. Various provisions relating to the National Assembly, such as proportional representation (section 57).

Phoenix, Eamon & Parkinson, Alan (2010), Conflicts in the North of Ireland, 1900-2000, Four Courts Press, Dublin, Pg 33. ISBN 978 1 84682 189 9 Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference