Graph Paper Art (Graph Art S.)

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BioFabric open-source software for visualizing large networks by drawing nodes as horizontal lines. yFiles – Visualization and Automatic Layout of Graphs", by Roland Wiese, Markus Eiglsperger, and Michael Kaufmann, in Jünger & Mutzel (2004). Tamassia, Roberto, ed. (2014), Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, CRC Press, archived from the original on 2013-08-15 , retrieved 2013-08-28 .

Sugiyama, Kozo; Tagawa, Shôjirô; Toda, Mitsuhiko (1981), "Methods for visual understanding of hierarchical system structures", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-11 (2): 109–125, doi: 10.1109/TSMC.1981.4308636, MR 0611436, S2CID 8367756 .

Draw on graph paper online

Tree layout algorithms these show a rooted tree-like formation, suitable for trees. Often, in a technique called "balloon layout", the children of each node in the tree are drawn on a circle surrounding the node, with the radii of these circles diminishing at lower levels in the tree so that these circles do not overlap. [17] Di Battista et al. (1994), Chapter 5, "Flow and Orthogonal Drawings", pp. 137–170; ( Eiglsperger, Fekete & Klau 2001).

Herman, Ivan; Melançon, Guy; Marshall, M. Scott (2000), "Graph Visualization and Navigation in Information Visualization: A Survey", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 6 (1): 24–43, doi: 10.1109/2945.841119 . Longabaugh, William (2012), "Combing the hairball with BioFabric: a new approach for visualization of large networks", BMC Bioinformatics, 13: 275, doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-275, PMC 3574047, PMID 23102059 {{ citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link). Saaty, Thomas L. (1964), "The minimum number of intersections in complete graphs", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 52 (3): 688–690, Bibcode: 1964PNAS...52..688S, doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.3.688, PMC 300329, PMID 16591215 . Scott, John (2000), "Sociograms and Graph Theory", Social network analysis: a handbook (2nded.), Sage, pp.64–69, ISBN 978-0-7619-6339-4 .Graphviz and Dynagraph – Static and Dynamic Graph Drawing Tools", by John Ellson, Emden R. Gansner, Eleftherios Koutsofios, Stephen C. North, and Gordon Woodhull, in Jünger & Mutzel (2004). Visualization of node-link graphs Graphic representation of a minute fraction of the WWW, demonstrating hyperlinks. The slope number of a graph is the minimum number of distinct edge slopes needed in a drawing with straight line segment edges (allowing crossings). Cubic graphs have slope number at most four, but graphs of degree five may have unbounded slope number; it remains open whether the slope number of degree-4 graphs is bounded. [12] Freese, Ralph (2004), "Automated lattice drawing", in Eklund, Peter (ed.), Concept Lattices: Second International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis, ICFCA 2004, Sydney, Australia, February 23-26, 2004, Proceedings (PDF), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.2961, Springer-Verlag, pp.589–590, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.6245, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24651-0_12, ISBN 978-3-540-21043-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-14 , retrieved 2011-09-17 .

Brandes, Ulrik; Freeman, Linton C.; Wagner, Dorothea (2014), "Social Networks", in Tamassia, Roberto (ed.), Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, CRC Press, pp.805–839 . Jünger, Michael; Mutzel, Petra (2004), Graph Drawing Software, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-00881-1 . Di Battista et al. (1994), pp. vii–viii; Herman, Melançon & Marshall (2000), Section 1.1, "Typical Application Areas". Holten, Danny; Isenberg, Petra; van Wijk, Jarke J.; Fekete, Jean-Daniel (2011), "An extended evaluation of the readability of tapered, animated, and textured directed-edge representations in node-link graphs", IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis 2011) (PDF), pp.195–202, doi: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2011.5742390, ISBN 978-1-61284-935-5, S2CID 16526781, archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-11 , retrieved 2011-09-29 . Knuth, Donald E. (2013), "Two thousand years of combinatorics", in Wilson, Robin; Watkins, John J. (eds.), Combinatorics: Ancient and Modern, Oxford University Press, pp.7–37 .Kaufmann, Michael; Wagner, Dorothea, eds. (2001), Drawing Graphs: Methods and Models, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.2025, Springer-Verlag, doi: 10.1007/3-540-44969-8, ISBN 978-3-540-42062-0, S2CID 1808286 . Many different quality measures have been defined for graph drawings, in an attempt to find objective means of evaluating their aesthetics and usability. [9] In addition to guiding the choice between different layout methods for the same graph, some layout methods attempt to directly optimize these measures. Nachmanson, Lev; Robertson, George; Lee, Bongshin (2008), "Drawing Graphs with GLEE" (PDF), in Hong, Seok-Hee; Nishizeki, Takao; Quan, Wu (eds.), Graph Drawing, 15th International Symposium, GD 2007, Sydney, Australia, September 24–26, 2007, Revised Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.4875, Springer-Verlag, pp.389–394, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77537-9_38, ISBN 978-3-540-77536-2 [ permanent dead link]. Holten, Danny; van Wijk, Jarke J. (2009), "A user study on visualizing directed edges in graphs", Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '09) (PDF), pp.2299–2308, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.212.5461, doi: 10.1145/1518701.1519054, ISBN 9781605582467, S2CID 9725345, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-06 . Dominance drawing places vertices in such a way that one vertex is upwards, rightwards, or both of another if and only if it is reachable from the other vertex. In this way, the layout style makes the reachability relation of the graph visually apparent. [21]

Published in Grandjean, Martin (2014). "La connaissance est un réseau". Les Cahiers du Numérique. 10 (3): 37–54. doi: 10.3166/lcn.10.3.37-54. Archived from the original on 2015-06-27 . Retrieved 2014-10-15. Orthogonal layout methods, which allow the edges of the graph to run horizontally or vertically, parallel to the coordinate axes of the layout. These methods were originally designed for VLSI and PCB layout problems but they have also been adapted for graph drawing. They typically involve a multiphase approach in which an input graph is planarized by replacing crossing points by vertices, a topological embedding of the planarized graph is found, edge orientations are chosen to minimize bends, vertices are placed consistently with these orientations, and finally a layout compaction stage reduces the area of the drawing. [16]Di Battista, Giuseppe; Eades, Peter; Tamassia, Roberto; Tollis, Ioannis G. (1998), Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs, Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-301615-4 . Sociograms, drawings of a social network, as often offered by social network analysis software [22] Di Battista et al. (1994), Section 2.7, "The Force-Directed Approach", pp. 29–30, and Chapter 10, "Force-Directed Methods", pp. 303–326.