Back to the Grindstone: Personal Recollections of the Sheffield Cutlery Industry

Product Information

Grinding-stone tools are a long-established technological tradition embedded in the livelihoods of hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and agriculturalists alike. Throughout Africa, these implements come in a variety of morphological forms differing in functional and symbolic importance, though the interpretive potential of these seemingly self-evident tools has yet to be fully realized. This paper presents data from observations of grinding implements and processing techniques in Marakwet, northwest Kenya. We offer technical descriptions of Marakwet grinding-stone assemblages and discuss the myriad of determinants impacting the relationship between their form and function. We identify distinct “communities of grinding practice” amongst the Pokot and Marakwet people. Grinding-stone tools are considered here as objects of material culture intrinsically linked to traditions of food, health, socialization, and socializing. This study is offered as a general contribution to the ethnographic literature and as a more detailed source of quantitative data against which other archaeological grinding-stone studies may be compared. |snap=19w11a|Clay is now [[trading|bought]] by [[villager]]s of the new mason profession.}} |snap=19w36a|Trying to sleep in a bed during the daytime now sets the player's spawn location to that bed.}} A Minecraft grindstone can also be used to remove all non-curse enchantments from a single item. Simply place your enchanted item in either input slot and it will disenchant. The Minecraft grindstone will also remove any prior work penalty from items, except cursed items. Why can’t I make a grindstone? IN|java}}, shulkers have a 50% chance of dropping a shulker shell when killed. This is increased by 6.25% per level of [[Looting]], for a maximum of 68.75% with Looting III.

1.7.2|snap=1.7.1|[[Acacia]] planks and [[dark oak]] planks can now be used to craft beds.}}Leakey, M. (1971). Olduvai Gorge: Excavations in beds I and II, 1960–1963. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lemonnier, P. (2012). Mundane objects: Materiality and non-verbal communication. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. To work hard and diligently (on something); to put in a lot of time and effort (doing something). I’m so impressed by your grades, honey—you really put your nose to the grindstone this year, and it paid off! What does she has a bee in her bonnet?

Wendorf, F., Schild, R., & Close, A. E. (1989). The prehistory of Wadi Kubbaniya. In Stratigraphy, palaeoeconomy and environment (Vol. 2). Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. In Marakwet, the production of flour from the larger, and in the words of interviewees “harder” sorghum and maize grains is made considerably easier by dividing the grinding into two stages. The first stage, or initial grinding, involves using a slightly larger, heavier flat-handstone with a roughly textured articulating surface. A second grinding follows, using a smaller and lighter flat-handstone with a smoother articulating surface. Finger millet, which has smaller and “softer” grains only needs to be ground once, and this single grinding is most often done using just a smaller smoothly textured flat-handstone. Women who grind either sorghum or maize tend to have at least one roughly textured, heavier flat-handstone and one smoother, lighter flat-handstone in their tool kit. Roughly textured flat-handstones were observed to be more angular and irregular in shape in comparison to the thinner, more rounded and discoidal, smoothly textured flat-handstones (Fig. 2). The use of rougher and more smoothly textured grinding-stones for coarse and fine grindings parallels that seen amongst the Sukur of Nigeria (David 1998). Also in northern Ethiopia, rougher grinding-stones are known to be used to process sorghum and maize while smoother stones are used for finger millet (Nixon-Darcus and D’Andrea 2017). In all, flat-handstones vary between 10 and 15 cm in length (mean = 13 cm), 9–13 cm in width (mean = 11 cm), and 1.5–4 cm in height (mean = 3 cm). Slight size variations were noted in these tools with smoothly textured child-sized flat-handstones being smallest, followed by smoothly textured flat-handstones, then roughly textured flat-handstones from the Lagam Escarpment and flat-handstones from the Kerio Valley. Charcoal comes from smelting log. Logs are renewable and charcoal can be used as fuel to smelt logs{{Items}}Lee, R. B. (1973). Mongongo: The ethnography of a major wild food resource. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 2(4), 307–321. This paper explores only a fragment of the diversity of grinding-stone tools used throughout time in Africa, a diversity that mirrors the multitude of regional grinding traditions. In Marakwet, we found that grinding-stones are predominantly used with cereal grains, yet they are also essential for processing a variety of materials with nutritional, medicinal, and social importance. There is more scope to explore how symbolic referents are entwined with both quotidian and exceptional acts of grinding within the constellation of grinding practices in Marakwet. The phrase can sometimes carry a slightly negative or resigned tone as it often refers to the resumption of monotonous or routine tasks after a break. v0.3.0|[[File:Charcoal JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added charcoal, with the same texture as coal. It is not yet obtainable.}}

File:Rainbow Bed.png|The [[MCE:Rainbow Bed|rainbow bed]], a unique coloration featured in [[Minecraft Earth]]. xbox=TU1|xbone=CU1|ps=1.00|wiiu=Patch 1|switch=1.0.1|[[File:Red Bed JE1 BE1.png|32px]] [[File:Red Bed (item) JE1 BE1.png|32px]] Added beds.}} Placement, stepping and breaking [[sound]]s for beds are now correctly wooden.}} Kankpeyeng, B., & Nkumbaan, S. (2008). Rethinking the stone circles of Koma Land. A preliminary report on the 2007/2008 fieldwork at Yikpabongo, northern region, Ghana. In T. Insoll (Ed.), Current archaeological research in Ghana Cambridge (pp. 95–102). Oxford: Archaeopress. Henry, D. (1989). From foraging to agriculture: The Levant at the end of the Ice Age. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Wendorf, F., & Schild, R. (2001). Holocene settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. New York: Kluwer Academic.