In Russian Orthodox bell ringing, the entire bell never moves, only the clapper. A complex system of ropes is developed and used uniquely for every bell tower. Some ropes (the smaller ones) are played by hand, the bigger ropes are played by foot. Rossing, Thomas (2000). Science of percussion instruments. Singapore River Edge, N.J: World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-02-4158-2. OCLC 45679450.

Ross, Hugh Munro (1911). "Bell". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.3 (11thed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.687–691. In the Roman Catholic Church and among some High Lutherans and Anglicans, small hand-held bells, called Sanctus or sacring bells, [15] are often rung by a server at Mass when the priest holds high up first the host and then the chalice immediately after he has said the words of consecration over them (the moment known as the Elevation). This serves to indicate to the congregation that the bread and wine have just been transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ (see transubstantiation), or, in the alternative Reformation teaching, that Christ is now bodily present in the elements, and that what the priest is holding up for them to look at is Christ himself (see consubstantiation). The Liberty Bell is a 2,080 pounds (940kg) [31] American bell of great historic significance, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It previously hung in Independence Hall. The bells of Marquis Yi—which were still fully playable after almost 2500 years—cover a range of slightly less than five octaves but thanks to their dual-tone capability, the set can sound a complete 12-tone scale—predating the development of the European 12-tone system by some 2000 years—and can play melodies in diatonic and pentatonic scales. [34] Starmer, W. W. (1902). "Bells and Bell Tones". Proceedings of the Musical Association. 28th Session: 25–44. JSTOR 765451.The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Vol.3. Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1918. Downes, Michael (2009). Jonathan Harvey: Song offerings and White as jasmine. Farnham, England: Burlington, VT Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6022-4. OCLC 319321762. Swinging bells are sounded by an internal clapper. The clapper may have a longer period of swing than the bell. In this case, the bell will catch up with the clapper and if rung to or near full circle will carry the clapper up on the bell's trailing side. Alternatively, the clapper may have a shorter period and catch up with the bell's leading side, travel up with the bell coming to rest on the downhill side. This latter method is used in English style full circle ringing.

Beach, F.C.; Rines, G.E. (1907). The Americana: A Universal Reference Library, Comprising the Arts and Sciences, Literature, History, Biography, Geography, Commerce, Etc., of the World. Scientific American. Great Tom is the bell that hangs in Tom Tower (designed by Christopher Wren) of Christ Church, Oxford. It was cast in 1680 and weighs over 6tons. Great Tom is still rung 101 times at 21:05 every night to signify the 101 original scholars of the college. The Great Bell of Dhammazedi (1484) may have been the largest bell ever made. It was lost in a river in Burma after being removed from a temple by the Portuguese in 1608. It is reported to have weighed about 300 tonnes (330 tons).

The Bell of King Seongdeok is the largest extant bell in Korea. The full Korean name means "Sacred Bell of King Seongdeok the Great." It was also known as the Bell of Bongdeoksa Temple, where it was first housed. The bell weighs about 25tons and was originally cast in 771 CE. It is now stored in the National Museum of Gyeongju. The traditional harmonically tuned bell has a minor third as a main harmonic. On the theory that western music in major keys may sound better on bells with a major third as a harmonic, production of bells with major thirds was attempted in the 1980s. Scientists at the Technical University in Eindhoven, using computer modelling, produced bell profiles which were cast by the Eijsbouts Bellfoundry in the Netherlands. [26] They were described as resembling old Coke bottles [28] in that they had a bulge around the middle; [29] In 1999 a design without the bulge was announced. [30] However, the major bell concept has found little favour, and minor third bells are almost universally cast today. World Carillon Federation (multinational) - an international association of independent national or regional societies, https://www.carillon.org

Murdoch, James. (1903). A History of Japan. London: Paul, Trech, Trubner. [re-issued by Routledge, London, 1996. ISBN 978-0-415-15416-1Occasionally the clappers have leather pads (called muffles) strapped around them to quieten the bells when practice ringing to avoid annoying the neighbourhood. Also at funerals, half-muffles are often used to give a full open sound on one round, and a muffled sound on the alternate round for a distinctive, mournful effect. This was done at the Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997. British Carillon Society (Great Britain, Ireland, Northern Ireland) - https://www.britishcarillons.org Rubino, Anthony (2010-03-18). Why Didn't I Think of That?: 101 Inventions that Changed the World by Hardly Trying. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4405-0698-7. The tenor (heaviest bell) of the change-ringing peal at Liverpool Cathedral is the heaviest bell hung for full-circle ringing. Rostoker, William; Bronson, Bennet; Dvorak, James (1984). "The Cast-Iron Bells of China". Technology and Culture. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 25 (4): 750. doi: 10.2307/3104621. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3104621. S2CID 112143315.