According to the Nican Mopohua, included in the 17th-century Huei tlamahuiçoltica, written in Nahuatl, the Virgin Mary appeared four times to Juan Diego, a Chichimec peasant, and once to his uncle, Juan Bernardino. The first apparition occurred on the morning of Saturday, December 9, 1531 ( Julian calendar, which is December 19 on the (proleptic) Gregorian calendar in present use). Juan Diego experienced a vision of a young woman at a place called the Hill of Tepeyac, which later became part of Villa de Guadalupe, in a suburb of Mexico City. [3] Cumplido el tiempo de la purificación de la Madre, según la Ley de Moisés, es preciso ir con el Niño a Jerusalén para presentarle al Señor. (Luc., II, 22.). Y esta vez serás tú, amigo mío, quien lleve la jaula de las tórtolas. — ¿Te fijas? Ella — ¡la Inmaculada!— se somete a la Ley como si estuviera inmunda. ¿Aprenderás con este ejemplo, niño tonto, a cumplir, a pesar de todos los sacrificios personales, la Santa Ley de Dios? ¡Purificarse! ¡Tú y yo sí que necesitamos purificación! —Expiar, y, por encima de la expiación, el Amor. —Un amor que sea cauterio, que abrase la roña de nuestra alma, y fuego, que encienda con llamas divinas la miseria de nuestro corazón. Un hombre justo y temeroso de Dios, que movido por el Espíritu Santo ha venido al templo —le había sido revelado que no moriría antes de ver al Cristo—, toma en sus brazos al Mesías y le dice: Ahora, Señor, ahora sí que sacas en paz de este mundo a tu siervo, según tu promesa... porque mis ojos han visto al Salvador. (Luc., II, 25-30.). Santo Rosario, cuarto misterio gozoso La tradición indica que la muerte de la Virgen María ocurrió en Jerusalem. También se cree que murió en Éfeso, donde hoy en día se conserva la casa donde se cree que murió. Issued a decree raising the shrine of Guadalupe in Coro, Venezuela, to the status of Minor Basilica on December 6, 2008. At that time historians revived doubts as to the quality of the evidence regarding Juan Diego. The writings of bishop Zumárraga, into whose hands Juan purportedly delivered the miraculous image, did not refer to him or the event. The record of the 1556 ecclesiastical inquiry omitted him, and he was not mentioned in documentation before the mid-17th century. In 1996 the 83-year-old abbot of the Basilica of Guadalupe, Guillermo Schulenburg, was forced to resign following an interview published in the Catholic magazine Ixthus, in which he was quoted as saying that Juan Diego was "a symbol, not a reality", and that his canonization would be the "recognition of a cult. It is not recognition of the physical, real existence of a person." [57] In 1883 Joaquín García Icazbalceta, historian and biographer of Zumárraga, in a confidential report on the Lady of Guadalupe for Bishop Labastida, had been hesitant to support the story of the vision. He concluded that Juan Diego had not existed. [58]

Lo que nos manifiestan los evangelios canónicos, nos muestran de María que es una presencia discreta. Esa cierta penumbra de su presencia, está justificada porque los evangelistas tienen como objetivo anunciar a Jesucristo, manifestar su condición de Hijo de Dios y los signos que muestran esa condición. Lo que dicen los Evangelios

El anuncio de que la salvación estaba cerca

Ignacia del Espíritu Santo began her work in 1684, after discerning her vocation in a retreat administered by her spiritual director, the Czech Jesuit priest Pablo Clain (also known as Paul Klein). At the age of twenty-one she left home and launched an uncertain effort to found a group of religious sisters who worked outside cloister, which was quite rare in those days. She began with her niece Cristina Gonzales and two young girls, Teodora de Jesús and Ana Margarita, joining her. This was the nucleus of the Beatas de la Compania de Jesús, [3] which subsequently became the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (RVM). They were popularly called beatas ("saintly") but this evolved into Sor ("sister") or Madre ("mother").

Under the monogram is an open book bearing the Latin inscription, Ad Jesum Cum Maria, which translates "To Jesus with Mary". Immediately below the open book is the angular façade of the original, pre-war Beaterio in Intramuros. Its massive solidity stands for the strength and spirit of unity which typified the moving force which led Ignacia del Espiritu Santo, foundress of the congregation, to found the first Filipina congregation of women in the Philippines. To avoid being delayed by the Virgin and ashamed at having failed to meet her on Monday as agreed, Juan Diego chose another route around Tepeyac Hill, yet the Virgin intercepted him and asked where he was going (fourth apparition); Juan Diego explained what had happened and the Virgin gently chided him for not having made recourse to her. In the words which have become the most famous phrase of the Guadalupe apparitions and are inscribed above the main entrance to the Basilica of Guadalupe, she asked "¿No estoy yo aquí que soy tu madre?" ("Am I not here, I who am your mother?"). She assured him that Juan Bernardino had now recovered and told him to gather flowers from the summit of Tepeyac Hill, which was normally barren, especially in the cold of December. Juan Diego obeyed her instruction and he found Castilian roses, not native to Mexico, blooming there. [3] Consuelo, auxilio, esperanza, Reina y, sobre todo, Madre: "¡Madre! —Llámala fuerte, fuerte. —Te escucha, te ve en peligro quizá, y te brinda, tu Madre Santa María, con la gracia de su Hijo, el consuelo de su regazo, la ternura de sus caricias: y te encontrarás reconfortado para la nueva lucha". Camino, 516On the other hand, in 1666, the scholar Luis Becerra Tanco published in Mexico a book about the history of the apparitions under the name Origen milagroso del santuario de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, which was republished in Spain in 1675 as Felicidad de Mexico en la admirable aparición de la virgen María de Guadalupe y origen de su milagrosa Imagen, que se venera extramuros de aquella ciudad. [43] In the same way, in 1688, Jesuit Father Francisco de Florencia published La Estrella del Norte de México, giving the history of the same apparitions. [44] La ilustración del Libro de las Horas del Duque de Bedford del Siglo XV muestra varias escenas. En el centro, San José es escogido como esposo y guardián de la Virgen cuando su bastón florece. Todos los otros pretendientes rompen sus bastones no florecidos y aceptan la decisión. The current motherhouse in Quezon City is a successor to the first motherhouse in Intramuros, which had existed since the foundation of the congregation in 1684 up to its destruction along with nine other houses of the congregation and much of Manila during the Liberation in 1945. For some time during and after the war, the motherhouse was situated on Espania Street, Manila. In 1950, it was transferred to Quezon City in a compound of over five hectares which, besides the motherhouse, has the chapel of Our Lady of the Assumption blessed and inaugurated in 1950, St. Mary's novitiate, juniorate, and infirmary, and near the front gate the three-storey Betania Retreat House and Luzon Regional Residence. Sisters return to the motherhouse for togetherness, and for their annual 8-day retreat.